ArticleSubstance use & misuse2026
Xylazine Awareness and Suspected Presence in the Illicit Drug Supply Among People Who Used Stimulants in an Overdose Hotspot, 2023.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Xylazine in Ohio: Insights from individuals with criminal legal system involvement and a history of illicit stimulant use.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Crack/cocaine use to manage xylazine exposure in fentanyl in Connecticut: findings from a convergent mixed methods study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Within- and Between-Subject Analyses of the Effects of Chronic Xylazine on Negative Phototaxis in Two Planarian Species.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Wounds and Association With Xylazine Using Respondent-driven Sampling Among People Who Inject Drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundXylazine is harmful to humans and detected in the United States fentanyl supply and sometimes in stimulants. Awareness of xylazine among people who use stimulants (PWUS) is underexplored.
methodsIn 2023, 59 PWUS in Brockton, Massachusetts, were surveyed about their past 30-day substance use and xylazine awareness. A purposive sub-sample of 21 survey participants completed an in-depth interview, of which 18 discussed xylazine. Chi-square tests assessed global differences in demographics by xylazine awareness. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed by whether participants knew what xylazine was (i.e., xylazine awareness) and past-30-day opioid use - a proxy for xylazine exposure.
resultsTwenty-one (35.6%) participants were unaware of xylazine. A greater percentage of Hispanic (58.3%,
conclusionDifferences in xylazine awareness by substance use, race, and education indicate a need to create literacy-appropriate, culturally relevant xylazine harm reduction messages that are communicated to PWUS by trusted messengers within diverse communities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.