Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40887943›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Trends in mortality and hospitalisations for cardiovascular, kidney and liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes in England, 2009-2019.

Naomi Holman, Bob Young, Edward W Gregg, Nick Wareham, Stephen Sharp, Kamlesh Khunti, Naveed Sattar, Jonathan Valabhji

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Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Banting memorial lecture 2025: Aligning clinical practice, policy and research.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Naomi HolmanSchool of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7432-5786
Bob YoungDiabetes UK, London, UK.
Edward W GreggSchool of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
Nick WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Stephen SharpMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2343-7099
Naveed SattarSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1604-2593
Jonathan ValabhjiDivision of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Funding

Diabetes UKNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM)NHS EnglandNIHR Global Research Centre for Multiple Long-Term ConditionsNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo assess longitudinal trends in total and cause-specific mortality rates and in hospitalisation rates for diabetes complications among people with type 2 diabetes in England between 2009 and 2019; and to assess how trends differ by patient characteristics. MATERIALS AND

methodsA sequential cohort study of people with type 2 diabetes aged ≥20 years was performed using data from the National Diabetes Audit. Discretised Poisson regression models, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation and diabetes duration, were used to calculate total and cause-specific mortality rates, as well as hospitalisation rates for myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, kidney and liver disease.

resultsTotal mortality declined in people aged 20-74 years (rate ratio [RR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.97) and aged ≥75 years (0.93, 0.92-0.94) between 2009-2011 and 2018-2019, predominantly due to reductions in cardiovascular deaths. Over the same time period, in those aged 20-74 years, total mortality declined in people of South Asian (0.92:0.0.87-0.96) but was unchanged in people of White (1.00: 0.99-1.01) ethnicities. Total mortality declined more in people living in the least (0.91:0.88-0.94) compared to the most (0.97:0.95-1.00) deprived areas. A composite endpoint of cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality increased between 2009-2011 and 2018-2019 in those aged 20-49 years (1.20:1.14-1.27) and 50-74 years (1.04:1.03-1.05) but declined in those aged ≥75 years (0.85:0.84-0.86). Rates of hospitalisation for kidney and liver disease increased in all age groups.

conclusionsBy examining longitudinal trends in mortality and hospitalisations according to different characteristics in people with type 2 diabetes in England, we have identified important targets for improvement through changes in health policy and care delivery.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesHospitalizationKidney DiseasesLiver DiseasesAdultAgedCohort StudiesEnglandFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedMortalityheart failuremacrovascular diseasereal‐world evidencetype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40887943
PMCPMC12515765

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.