SynthesisComprehensive reviews in food science and food safety2025
Risk Assessment of Toxic and Potentially Toxic Metals in Raw Goat Milk: A Systematic Review of Global Data and Environmental Factors.
Synthesis in Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk Assessment of Toxic and Potentially Toxic Metals in Raw Goat Milk: A Systematic Review of Global Data and Environmental Factors.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Pooled it
- Structure-Function Engineering of Lignin-Based Hydrogels for Adsorptive Removal of Organic Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions: A Category-Oriented Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Global Analysis of the Co-Occurrence of Antimicrobial and Metal Resistance Genes in Bacterial Genomes From Dairy-Isolated Pathogens.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Multi-replicon Architecture Drives the Global Accumulation of Resistance to Antimicrobials, Biocides, and Metals in IncF and IncH Plasmids.Current microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Goat milk is a culturally and nutritionally significant food worldwide, yet its safety regarding toxic and trace elements remains poorly defined. The absence of geographically balanced surveillance and the variability in contamination across rural, urban, and industrial environments limit reliable risk assessment for human exposure. We hypothesized that raw goat milk acts as a sentinel matrix for chronic exposure to toxic and potentially toxic elements, with risks strongly influenced by production systems and environmental contexts. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to systematically synthesize evidence from 20 studies conducted across Asia, Europe, and North Africa, quantifying toxic metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury) and essential elements (chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and aluminum) relative to thresholds established by the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Results revealed pronounced heterogeneity, with lead reaching 0.382 ± 0.0026 mg/L in rural Algeria, chromium peaking at 16.423 ± 0.349 mg/L in industrial Asaluyeh and 14.211 ± 0.205 mg/L in rural Kaki, Iran, and pediatric estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for Cr up to 2.74 × 10
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.