ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Comparison of nine insulin resistance surrogates for predicting cardiovascular disease: a cohort study.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index, Triglyceride/HDL Cholesterol Ratio and Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance With Asymptomatic Organ Damage in Previously Untreated Patients With Hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Association of baseline and cumulative CHG index with risk of new-onset sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of nine insulin resistance indices for 10-year coronary artery disease risk prediction in non-diabetic adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) index as a novel metabolic marker for predicting adverse outcomes in myocardial infarction survivors: insights from two large prospective cohorts.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of TyG-related indices for MAFLD screening in older adults at moderate altitude: TyG-BMI showed the highest discriminatory ability.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Association between the triglyceride glucose index:Chinese visceral adiposity index (TyG-CVAI) and new-onset cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults-insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Propensity score analysis of triglyceride-glucose index in newly diagnosed patients with essential hypertension as a predictor of microalbuminuria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Association of the triglyceride glucose index and its related indices with coronary artery disease risk: mediation by glycated haemoglobin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although numerous simple surrogate indicators for IR have been proposed, their comparative predictive utility for CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between nine IR surrogate indicators and incident CVD and to comparatively assess their predictive capacities using nationally representative data from China.
methods7,662 participants without CVD from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included in the study. Nine IR surrogate measures including triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) were calculated. Cox model and restricted cubic spline model were used to estimate the relationships between distinct IR surrogates and incident CVD. We also computed the time-dependent Harrell's concordance index (C-index) to compare the predictive performance of IR surrogates.
resultsAfter a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, a total of 1,906 individuals developed CVD. The full adjusted cox model revealed that per SD increase in all IR indicators was significantly associated with elevated CVD risk, with the hazard ratio (95%CI) of 1.09 (1.04-1.14) for TyG; 1.05 (1.01-1.10) for TG/HDL-C; 1.09 (1.03-1.14) for METS-IR; 1.13 (1.08-1.19) for CVAI; 1.07 (1.03-1.12) for LAP; 1.08 (1.03-1.13) for AIP; 1.10 (1.05-1.15) for TyG-BMI; 1.11 (1.06-1.16) for TyG-WC; and 1.11 (1.05-1.16) for TyG-WHtR. Predictive performance analysis showed TyG had the highest C-index of 0.742 (95% CI, 0.737-0.747).
conclusionsAmong nine IR surrogates, the TyG index exhibited the highest predictive performance for incident CVD in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Acknowledging limitations such as the observational design and self-reported outcomes, our findings support the TyG index as a simple, powerful, and clinically accessible tool for early CVD risk prediction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.