ArticleSheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi2025
[Technical maturity and bubble risks of brain-computer interface (BCI): Considerations from research to industrial translation].
Article in Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Analysis of the constraints of inherent limitations on the capability boundaries of brain-computer interfaces and corresponding strategies].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Review
- [A scientific definition of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs): Essential components, fundamental characteristics, capability boundaries, and scope delimitation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology faces structural risks due to a misalignment between its technological maturity and industrialization expectations. This study used the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework to assess the status of major BCI paradigms-such as steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), motor imagery, and P300-and found that they predominantly remained at TRL4 to TRL6, with few stable applications reaching TRL9. The analysis identified four interrelated sources of bubble risk: overly broad definitions of BCI, excessive focus on decoding performance, asynchronous translational progress, and imprecise terminology usage. These distortions have contributed to the misallocation of research resources and public misunderstanding. To foster the sustainable development of BCI, this paper advocated the establishment of a standardized TRL evaluation system, clearer terminological boundaries, stronger support for fundamental research, enhanced ethical oversight, and the implementation of inclusive and diversified governance mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.