Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40885733›Full record

ArticleNPJ systems biology and applications2025

Current state and open problems in universal differential equations for systems biology.

Maren Philipps, Nina Schmid, Jan Hasenauer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ systems biology and applications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. 75 Years of Mathematical Oncology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Maren Philipps *Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-6104
Nina Schmid *Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Jan HasenauerLife & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. jan.hasenauer@uni-bonn.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-3312

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 031L0292FBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 031L0297ADeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) 432325352 - SFB 1454Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) EXC 2047-390685813Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Schlegel Professorship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Universal Differential Equations (UDEs) combine mechanistic differential equations with data-driven artificial neural networks, forming a flexible framework for modelling complex biological systems. This hybrid approach leverages prior knowledge and data to uncover unknown processes and deliver accurate predictions. However, UDEs face challenges in efficient and reliable training due to stiff dynamics and noisy, sparse data common in biology, and in ensuring the interpretability of the parameters of the mechanistic model. We investigate these challenges and evaluate UDE performance on realistic biological scenarios, providing a systematic training pipeline. Our results demonstrate the versatility of UDEs in systems biology and reveal that noise and limited data significantly degrade performance, but regularisation can improve accuracy and interpretability. By addressing key challenges and offering practical solutions, this work advances UDE methodology and underscores its potential in tackling complex problems in systems biology.

Indexed as

Systems BiologyAlgorithmsComputer SimulationHumansModels, BiologicalNeural Networks, Computer

Identifiers

PMID40885733
PMCPMC12398592

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.