ArticleJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2025
Association of Language Barriers and Depression Among Latino and Non-Latino White US Nursing Home Residents.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesDespite recent demographic shifts, little is known about the association between race/ethnicity, language barriers, and mental health among US nursing home residents. We aimed to quantify the relationship between Spanish language barriers and depression in US nursing homes.
designCross-sectional study. SETTING AND
participantsLatino and non-Latino White adults aged ≥50 years newly admitted to US nursing homes.
methodsUsing national 2022 Minimum Data Set 3.0, we identified 19,780 Latino newly admitted residents who wanted or needed a Spanish interpreter to communicate with a physician or health care staff, and residents without need for interpreter (n = 56,969 Latino residents, 812,456 non-Latino White residents). A clinical depression diagnosis and self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores ≥10 for moderate/severe depressive symptoms were evaluated using multivariable log binomial models.
resultsOur sample was mostly female, and ≥75 years. Depression prevalence was 29.5% and 31.5% for Spanish and English-speaking Latino residents, respectively, and 36.0% for English-speaking non-Latino White residents; moderate/severe depressive symptoms were reported in 17.5% and 15.9% for Spanish and English-speaking Latino residents, respectively, and 15.6% for English-speaking non-Latino White residents. Antidepressant use was common (lowest: 32.2% Spanish-speaking, Latino residents; highest: 43.2% non-Latino White residents); psychotherapy was received by <2%, in all language groups. Compared with English-speaking non-Latino White residents, the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression was lower among Latino residents [Latino residents adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95], and among Latino residents, lower among those who spoke Spanish than English (aPR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98), with similar patterns for moderate/severe depressive symptoms [aPR (Latino residents vs non-Latino White residents), 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95; aPR (Spanish-speaking vs English-speaking Latino residents), 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99]. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Latino residents newly admitted to nursing homes appear to have less clinically diagnosed depression and are less likely to report moderate/severe depression. Language barriers in nursing homes should be addressed to help meet the needs of residents from ethnic minority populations.
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