ArticleNeuroscience bulletin2026
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Interaction Between Microglia and Müller Cells Exacerbates Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in Experimental Glaucoma.
Article in Neuroscience bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Graded traumatic brain injury severity differentially modulates microglial and astrocytic polarization states and response to minocycline.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- IL-1β-mediated interaction between Müller cells and microglia through CXCL1/5-CXCR2 aggravates visual dysfunction in experimental glaucoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Research Advances in Glanimal Models of Glaucoma: Exploring Multidimensional Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dual immune armies in glaucoma: microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis in retinal neurodegeneration: mechanistic vulnerability, therapeutic targeting, and translational barriers.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interaction between Müller cells and microglia aggravates neuroinflammation, resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma. Here, we investigated how tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) produced by activated microglia mediates the crosstalk between Müller cells and microglia and impacts RGC injury in a chronic ocular hypertension (COH) glaucoma model. In COH retinas, elevated TNF-α induced the activation of Müller cells and microglia, and recruited microglia to the ganglion cell layer. Co-culture with Müller cells enhanced TNF-α-induced microglial activation, migration, and proliferation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), primarily released from Müller cells, mediated the TNF-α-induced effects on microglia in COH retinas. Knockdown of CCL2 attenuated RGC damage and vision loss. Our results demonstrate that TNF-α released from microglia induces the secretion of CCL2 from Müller cells, thus inducing microglial activation and migration, exacerbating retinal neuroinflammation and RGC injury in glaucoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.