SynthesisApplied health economics and health policy2026
The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Global Research.
Synthesis in Applied health economics and health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Biological Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in New and Old Bacterial Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- High prevalence of antibiotic purchase without prescription in community pharmacies in Bucaramanga, Colombia.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Distribution and associated factors of psychological dimensions related to antimicrobial resistance countermeasures among hospital staff in Japan: an exploratory cross-sectional study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Antibiotic prescribing patterns and consumption at a comprehensive specialized hospital in northern Ethiopia: a prospective cross-sectional study underscoring the need for antimicrobial stewardship.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Community Antimicrobial Use Scale (CAMUS) in Primary Healthcare and the Implications for Future Use.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic and functional characterization of novel therapeutic lytic bacteriophages targeting multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in South African communities: findings from the CAMUS survey.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors for Purchasing Antibiotics Without a Prescription Among Patients in Rural South Africa: Implications for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing global health threat; reliable evidence on its impact is crucial for prioritising public health interventions.
objectiveThis study provides an updated, systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the true effect size of resistant infections on economic and clinical outcomes. It also evaluates methodologies used in ABR economic literature, offering recommendations for improving future research.
methodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, 11,252 articles published between 2000 and 2022 were reviewed from several databases. Studies were included if they reported the economic costs of ABR in humans and compared resistant with susceptible infections. Meta-analyses were conducted using random intercept models; standardised mean difference (SMD) was used for length of stay, and odds ratio (OR) for mortality. The Mantel-Haenszel method was applied to obtain pooled estimates.
resultsResults showed that 73% of the studies were conducted in high-income economies, the majority were performed at tertiary care settings (71%) and 67% employed only a hospital perspective. The available evidence indicated that the attributable cost of resistant infections ranged from EUR
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.