Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40884612›Full record

ArticleEuropean radiology2026

Diagnosing abdominal neoplasms using a T2 mapping radial turbo spin-echo technique with partial volume correction.

Mahesh B Keerthivasan, Brian Toner, Jean-Philippe Galons, Kevin Johnson, Ali Bilgin, Diego R Martin, Maria I Altbach

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mahesh B KeerthivasanDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Brian TonerDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Jean-Philippe GalonsDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Kevin JohnsonDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Ali BilginDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Diego R MartinDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Maria I AltbachDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. maltbach@arizona.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-2458

Funding

Multi-Center Implementation and Validation of Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis of Atherosclerotic Disease of the Cervical CarotidR01HL159200 · NHLBI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI ALTBACH, MARIA I., DESHPANDE, VIBHAS · 2021 to 2025
$6.1M
Quantitative MRI and Deep Learning Technologies for Classification of NAFLDU01EB031894 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Maria I. Altbach, VIBHAS DESHPANDE · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
Advancing MRI technology for early diagnosis of liver metastasesR01CA245920 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI ALTBACH, MARIA I., MARTIN, DIEGO R · 2020 to 2024
$2.4M
Arizona Biomedical Research Centre (US) CTR056039NCI NIH HHS R01 CA245920NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159200NIBIB NIH HHS U01 EB031894NIH HHS CA245920NIH HHS EB031894NIH HHS HL159200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveT2 mapping allows for the classification of focal liver lesions, differentiating malignancies from the most common benign liver lesions, hemangiomas, and bile duct hamartomas (BDH). Partial volume (PV) due to the presence of liver and lesion within the same voxel confounds the classification of small lesions. Our objective is to develop a robust two-component T2 estimation technique (SEPG2-SP) to enable accurate T2 estimation in the presence of PV. MATERIALS AND

methodsT2 estimation accuracy was evaluated using computer simulations, physical phantom data, and in vivo in 27 subjects with focal liver lesions (16 males, 62.4 ± 14.3 years old; 11 females, 66.8 ± 5.8 years old) imaged at 1.5 T with a radial turbo spin-echo (RADTSE) technique. The SEPG2-SP model was compared to a single-component model, which does not account for PV. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to analyze lesion classification.

resultsPhantom data showed that the SEPG2-SP model had a T2 estimation error of 2-9% while the single component model had a larger error of 9-23%. Analysis of in vivo data from 68 focal liver lesions (33 malignancies, 7 hemangiomas, and 28 BDH) showed that the SEPG2-SP model classified all lesions correctly (AUROC = 1), regardless of their size. On the other hand, with the single-component model, there was overlap between malignancies and benign lesions driven by misclassification of hemangiomas as malignancies (AUROC = 0.84).

conclusionsThe two-component T2 model improved the characterization of focal liver lesions affected by PV, yielding complete separation of malignancies from the most common benign liver lesions. KEY POINTS: Question Partial volume effects result in T2 estimation errors that confound the classification of small focal liver lesions. Findings The proposed two-component T2 estimation technique improves T2 estimation accuracy and allows accurate characterization of focal liver lesions in the presence of partial volume. Clinical relevance The T2 mapping technique described here offers a practical and reliable approach for quantitatively classifying focal liver lesions. It enables differentiation between the most common benign liver lesions and malignancies, even in small tumors impacted by partial volume effects.

Indexed as

Abdominal NeoplasmsImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedLiver NeoplasmsMagnetic Resonance ImagingAgedComputer SimulationDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHemangiomaHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhantoms, ImagingReproducibility of ResultsAbdominal imagingPartial volume effectsRadial turbo spin echoT2 mapping

Identifiers

PMID40884612
PMCPMC12414507

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.