A comprehensive approach to the CT detection and evaluation of large adrenal masses (≥ 4 cm) part 1: benign adrenal lesions.

Hajra Arshad, Satomi Kawamoto, Linda C Chu, Elliot K Fishman

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Abdominal radiology (New York), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hajra ArshadRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States. harshad1@jh.edu.

Satomi KawamotoRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.

Linda C ChuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.

Elliot K FishmanRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the growing use of computed tomography (CT) scans, there has been a corresponding increase in detection of incidental adrenal lesions. For decades, tumor size has been associated with malignancy, however emerging research has suggested that the majority of large (> 4 cm) adrenal lesions are benign and do not require surgical resection. With CT being the gold-standard imaging modality for evaluating adrenal lesions, it is important to differentiate benign and malignant lesions on imaging to guide clinical management and avoid overtreatment. In this first part of the pictorial essay, we discuss the CT appearances of benign adrenal lesions including adenoma, cyst, myelolipoma, lymphangioma, and neurogenic tumors, to effectively differentiate them from malignant lesions. Malignant adrenal tumors, as well as pheochromocytoma, which is commonly benign but can rarely be malignant, are discussed in detail in part 2 of the paper.

Indexed as

Adrenal Gland NeoplasmsTomography, X-Ray ComputedDiagnosis, DifferentialHumansAdrenal cystAdrenal gland neoplasmAdrenocortical adenomaComputed tomographyLymphangiomaMyelolipoma

Identifiers

PMID40884569

DOI10.1016/j.crad.2016.01.010

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.