ArticleJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2025
Addressing complexity: The development and pilot testing of a user-friendly Medicare Part D patient decision aid tool.
Article in Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dementia Family Caregivers' Involvement and Perceived Challenges in Health Care Interactions: Informing the GUIDE Model.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Observational
- Development of a decision aid to help dually enrolled veterans make informed choices on medication sourcing.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSelecting a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan can be challenging because of limited health insurance literacy and complex plan features. Existing online tools, such as the Medicare Plan Finder (MPF), often lack personalization.
objectiveTo describe the conceptualization and development of a personalized Medicare Part D decision aid (DA) to supplement the MPF.
methodsA user-centered, iterative design process informed by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework and International Patient Decision Aid Standards was used to develop a DA that helps older adults with Part D plan selection. First, a literature review and 1-hour interviews with Medicare-eligible individuals informed the development of a prototype. These individuals formed a stakeholder advisory board (SAB). The first prototype was then alpha tested with 2 SAB focus groups. Using focus group feedback, the final prototype was developed. Beta testing participants, including Medicare-eligible individuals and Medicare counselors, were recruited and completed an online version of the DA, alongside pre-DA and post-DA questionnaires to examine DA effectiveness using a modified Health Insurance Literacy Measure, a modified System Usability Scale, and a user satisfaction survey.
resultsBefore the development of the prototype, SAB interviewees (n = 9) suggested that simplified explanations of insurance terminology and side-by-side comparisons of options would be important to the DA. Alpha testing (n = 7) feedback was used to modify the first prototype to improve usability and clarity. Among 25 beta testing participants, Health Insurance Literacy Measure scores increased from 19.76 (SD = 7.15) before using the aid to 24.13 (SD = 4.02) afterward (
conclusionsThis pilot study shows that a user-centered, interactive DA can improve health insurance literacy and support Medicare Part D plan decisions.
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