Trial reportArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2026
A Phase 2 Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in Individuals at Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Trial report in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Autoantibodies as predictors of progression to rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.RMD open · 2026Pooled it
- Serum Proteomic Signatures of Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk and Response: Analysis of a Rheumatoid Arthritis Interception Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Therapeutic Interception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal peripheral blood multi-omic profiling in seropositive individuals identifies immune endotypes and predictive models for future rheumatoid arthritis conversion.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in understanding preclinical rheumatoid arthritis and prospects for prevention.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Article
- A matter arising: When should inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases be considered 'early'?European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Rheumatology 2050: How our specialty is changing.Future healthcare journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIndividuals with serum elevations of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are at increased risk for future rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No pharmacologic interventions have been approved for the prevention of RA in such at-risk individuals. However, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used without supporting clinical trial evidence.
methodsIn this phase 2 randomized trial, individuals at risk for RA with anti-CCP3 ≥2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were assigned to receive HCQ or placebo for 12 months, with up to 24 months of postdrug follow-up. The primary outcome was the development of clinical RA, as defined in the protocol, at 36 months. Secondary outcomes included safety, development of inflammatory arthritis (IA), and participant-reported joint symptoms.
resultsOf 144 randomized participants, 71 were assigned to HCQ and 73 to placebo. In the modified intent-to-treat population, clinical RA occurred in 21 of 69 (30.4%) participants in the HCQ group and 24 of 73 (32.9%) in the placebo group. The risk of clinical RA at 36 months was 0.336 with HCQ and 0.394 with placebo (difference -0.058; 95% confidence interval -0.336 to 0.220; P = 0.52). Results for IA were similar. The occurrence and severity of joint symptoms were not observed to differ between groups. Adverse event incidence was similar between groups.
conclusionIn this trial involving individuals with anti-CCP3 levels ≥2 times the ULN, 12 months of HCQ did not prevent the development of clinical RA at 36 months.
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