Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40883876›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of primatology2025

Slowly but Surely: Larger Brains Improve Immature Survival in Primates.

Zitan Song, Carel P van Schaik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of primatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Zitan SongComparative Socioecology Group, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9739-0233
Carel P van SchaikComparative Socioecology Group, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5738-4509

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The high energy costs of brains suggest that a species' current brain size is adaptive. However, although the comparative data for mammals suggest a positive effect on fitness in larger-brained species because of higher adult survival and thus longer lifespan, it also reveals two negative effects, namely later age at first reproduction owing to slower development and a tendency towards reduced reproductive allocation owing to larger newborns. Here we suggest that what is missing is the positive impact of brain size on immature survival, causally linked to greater parental investment in larger-brained species. Using long-term demographic data on natural populations of 18 primate species, we find a strong positive brain size effect on immature survival, which is already apparent during the first year. We suggest this effect is caused by parental protection and provisioning, allowing young to survive better and mature slowly but surely. This survival effect may well be the strongest adaptive benefit of increased brain size. It remains unknown to what extent this effect generalizes to non-primates.

Indexed as

BrainPrimatesAnimalsFemaleLongevityOrgan SizeReproductionage at first reproductionlife‐historyparental investmentskill acquisition

Identifiers

PMID40883876
PMCPMC12397558

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.