Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
Effects of dual-task mode brain-computer interface based on motor imagery and virtual reality on balance and attention in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of brain-computer interface training on cognitive function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of BCI-based lower limb robots on lower limb function and cognition in stroke patients: a preliminary systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on lower limb function and activities of daily living after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Effects of visually induced motor imagery-based brain-computer interface training on motor function in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: a small-sample exploratory trial.Frontiers in neurologyTrial
- Comparative Efficacy of Exercise Modalities for Motor Function Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of Brain-Computer Interface Technology in Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Recent research on rehabilitation interventions for post-stroke gait and balance in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Rewiring Attention: Virtual Reality and Brain-Computer Interfaces in the Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of motor imagery brain-computer interface task on quantitative EEG features in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Closed-loop brain-computer interfaces for post-stroke sensorimotor loop restoration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Study on the effectiveness and safety of balance instrument training on balance and lower limb motor function in patients with ischemic stroke hemiplegia.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain-computer interface (BCI) has been shown to be beneficial in improving lower limb motility in stroke, but their effectiveness on balance and attention is unclear. In addition, current BCIs are mostly in single-task mode. The BCI system used in this study was based on a dual-task model of motor imagery (MI) and virtual reality (VR). Previous studies have demonstrated that dual-task seems to be beneficial for balance and attention. The purpose of this study was to validate the effects of MI-VR-based dual-task BCI on balance and attention in participants with stroke.
methodsThis pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial involved 38 stroke participants, randomized to the BCI (BCI pedaling training) or control group (conventional pedaling). Both groups trained 20 min daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, alongside conventional rehabilitation. Thirty participants completed the program (mean age: 56.56 years, mean disease duration: 4.48 months). Assessments were made before and after 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and secondary outcomes included the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity Assessment (FMA-LE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and average attention index.
results30 participants completed the study (14 in the BCI and 16 in the control group). The retention rates were 73.68% and 84.21% respectively. No adverse events were reported in this study and participants did not report any discomfort. The changes in BBS, TUGT and SDMT values in the BCI group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Average attention index of the BCI group's participants grew with the number of training sessions, and there was a significant difference comparing pre- to post-treatment (p < 0.05). The value of BBS change is linearly correlated with the value of SDMT change (F = 8.778, y = 0.59x + 1.90, P < 0.001).
conclusionsThis study initially showed positive effects of dual-task mode of BCI pedalling training on balance and attention in stroke participants. However, given the preliminary nature of this study and its limitations, the results need to be treated with caution. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2300071522. Registered on 2023/05/17.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.