ArticleResearch on child and adolescent psychopathology2025
Treatment Engagement and Multiple Specifiers among Boys and Girls with Conduct Disorder.
Article in Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU), daring-impulsive (DI), and grandiose-manipulative (GM) specifiers are considered informative for the treatment of youth with conduct disorder (CD), but empirical evidence is limited. This study examined the relationship between the specifiers and treatment engagement (TE) in boys (n = 286) and girls (n = 69) with a CD diagnosis. CD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed via a diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires were used to assess the specifiers, TE, internalizing problems, and features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine unique associations between the specifiers and TE, after controlling for their overlap and control variables (i.e., number of CD symptoms, internalizing problems, and ADHD and ODD features). At the zero-order level, the three specifiers were negatively correlated to TE in boys, while no significant correlations were found in girls. After controlling for their overlap and control variables, only CU traits were significantly negatively related to TE in boys, while GM traits were unexpectedly but significantly positively related to two TE dimensions in girls. Additional analyses revealed significant sex differences in the associations between TE and GM traits. Results underscore the importance of CU traits in boys and GM traits in girls with CD for understanding individual differences in TE levels. The unexpected positive link between GM traits and TE in girls warrants replication, though further investigation is required to clarify (sex-specific) associations between the proposed specifiers and clinically relevant correlates other than TE, such as treatment outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40883625What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.