ArticleUrban education2024
Inequities in Student Exposure to Lead in Classroom Drinking Fountains: Descriptive Evidence Comparing Students within and Across Schools in Portland, Oregon.
Article in Urban education, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Defining 'Disadvantaged' Shaped Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Drinking Water Funding.Nature communications · 2026Article
- School-based exposures to oil and gas development for public school children in the United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We use novel information about fixture-specific water lead levels (WLLs) in Portland, Oregon schools to explore inequalities in students' potential for exposure to lead in drinking water at school. We find that Black and Hispanic students were in classrooms with higher WLLs than White students primarily because they attended different schools. The elevated exposure of students with non-English first languages was also largely driven by sorting into different schools, although there were marginally significant differences between students within the same school. Our findings underscore the importance of broadly targeted remediation efforts like those implemented in Portland to address environmental injustices.
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Registered trials
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