Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40880545›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sociology2025

"I'd like five of them": the racialization and commodification of internationally recruited nurses in the German healthcare sector.

Tanja Gangarova, Johanna Kechout, Hans Vogt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sociology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Tanja GangarovaGerman Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin, Germany.
Johanna KechoutGerman Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin, Germany.
Hans VogtGerman Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While research in North American and Australian contexts demonstrates how encountering racism in healthcare is burdensome, the impact of racism on healthcare interactions in Europe, and particularly in Germany, remains underexplored. This paper draws on a study that examines the intersections of interpersonal, institutional, and structural racism in the professional experiences of internationally recruited nurses and integration managers in Germany who self-identify as "affected by racism." The aim is to deepen our understanding of the forms, dynamics, and effects of racism within a healthcare sector increasingly shaped by economization. Employing an exploratory qualitative research design, the study is based on 21 semi-structured interviews and 10 participant diaries. Data analysis followed an iterative process, integrating inductive and deductive approaches within a framework of qualitative content analysis and emphasizing study participants' perspectives. The analytical framework developed in this paper addresses the intertwined processes of racialization and commodification and contributes to an empirically grounded conceptual understanding of recruited nurses' experiences of racism within nursing settings. This methodological approach reveals the subtle mechanisms through which racial inequalities are (re)produced and the ways that recruited labor is commodified in the German healthcare context. Findings suggest that these dynamics not only harm internationally recruited nurses, but also contribute to the invisibilization of racism within the sector. Furthermore, the analysis provides a nuanced account of racialized labor relations in transnational healthcare work and the global dynamics of care drain. In doing so, the paper identifies critical areas for institutional change and transformation, and it underscores the broader power structures that must be addressed in order to advance equity and justice in nursing.

Indexed as

commodificationGermanyhealthcarenursingracializationracism

Identifiers

PMID40880545
PMCPMC12380847

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.