ArticleScience immunology2025
Dosing interval is a major factor determining the quality of T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines.
Article in Science immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative analysis of adverse events following immunization with DTaP vaccine in children before and after immunization schedule adjustment.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of new adjuvants in enhancing the immune response to a candidate of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 boosters restore virus-specific immune responses in kidney transplant recipients unresponsive to primary vaccination.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections broaden the repertoire of Spike-reactive CD4 T cells.mBio · 2026Article
- Viral diversity influences T-cell responses to enteric human adenoviruses F40 and F41.Virus evolution · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Functional T cell responses are crucial for protective immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccination, but factors influencing the quality of these responses are incompletely understood. We used an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and single-cell transcriptomic sequencing to analyze SARS-CoV-2 spike-responsive T cells after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or after one or two doses of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) or adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Our findings revealed broad functional and clonal heterogeneity in T cells generated by vaccination or infection, including multiple distinct effector populations. T cell function was largely conserved between COVID-19 vaccine platforms but was distinct compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, the dosing interval greatly influenced the quality of T cells after two vaccine doses, particularly after mRNA-LNP vaccination, where a longer interval led to reduced inflammatory signaling and increased secondary proliferation. These insights enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and inform the optimization of mRNA vaccination regimens.
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