Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40880031›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2026

Experiences of people who inject drugs with hepatitis C testing and their perceptions of a pharmacy-based testing option: a qualitative study.

Cathy Balsom, Shawn Bugden, Lois A Jackson, Deborah Kelly

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Cathy BalsomMemorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada. catherineb@mun.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-5869
Shawn BugdenMemorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-5909
Lois A JacksonDalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0314-9890
Deborah KellyMemorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8123

Funding

Canadian Institute of Health Research HBR-422155
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, yet many remain undiagnosed due to testing barriers. Pharmacy-based point-of-care testing could improve access; however, little is known about its acceptability among PWID.

aimTo explore the experiences of PWID with HCV testing and their perceptions of a pharmacy-based HCV testing option.

methodA qualitative study involving interviews with eleven PWID between June and August 2022. Participants were asked about their perceptions and experiences about HCV testing as well as their views on a proposed pharmacy-based HCV testing model which was being proposed for a separate research study. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

resultsRegarding their experiences with HCV testing, participants recognized the importance of testing to know their status both for their health and that of others. Several challenges to testing were described, and participants described the impact of the primary care provider on testing. It was suggested that opioid agonist therapy programs were a missed opportunity for testing, and many potential advantages to pharmacy testing were described. Privacy and confidentiality within the pharmacy, as well as the impact of the relationship with pharmacists and staff were key factors influencing uptake.

conclusionPharmacy-based HCV testing is viewed by participants as a convenient and acceptable testing option. Addressing stigma, ensuring privacy, and building trust with pharmacy staff appear to be critical for uptake. This approach may help to engage PWID in HCV testing as part of HCV elimination efforts.

Indexed as

Hepatitis CPoint-of-Care TestingSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Acceptance of Health CarePerceptionPharmaceutical ServicesPharmacistsQualitative ResearchHepatitis C infectionIllicit drug useInjection drug usePharmacy testingSubstance misuse

Identifiers

PMID40880031
PMCPMC12823637

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.