Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40879967›Full record

ArticleAging clinical and experimental research2025

Identifying latent classes of longitudinal change in picture naming in a population-based sample.

Deborah Finkel, Ying Liu, Margaret Gatz, Stefan Schneider, Raymond Hernandez, Bart Orriens, Arie Kapteyn

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Deborah FinkelCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. dgfinkel@usc.edu.
Ying LiuCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Margaret GatzCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Stefan SchneiderCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Raymond HernandezCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Bart OrriensCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Arie KapteynCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

Enhancing engagement and participation of marginalized community residents in the UASU01AG077280 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Arie Kapteyn · 2023 to 2026
$50.9M
Toward Next Generation Data on Health and Life Changes at Older Ages: Administrative Supplement to track the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on American familiesU01AG054580 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KAPTEYN, ARIE · 2017 to 2022
$27.3M
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG054580NIA NIH HHS U01 AG077280
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although cognitive changes may not become apparent until after age 65, many factors associated with late-life decline are already well-established in midlife. In particular, deficits in picture naming have been associated with early and accelerated cognitive change. A measure of picture vocabulary, requiring participants to name drawings of objects, was collected in 4 waves (each separated by 2 years) of the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative internet panel (mean follow-up = 5.60 years). Participants were 5005 adults ranging in age from 18 to 98 at intake (mean = 48.81); 58% women. Growth mixture models were used to identify latent class structure in age-based quadratic growth models (centered at median age of 53). The best-fitting model identified 3 classes: high intercept and scores increase with age (60% of the sample), medium intercept and scores increase with age (37%), low intercept and no change with age (3%). Analyses of variance indicated that the class for which picture naming did not change with age had a significantly elevated probability of cognitive impairment. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that probability of cognitive impairment contributed to estimation of class membership even in the context of related demographic and cognitive variables. Tasks like Picture Vocabulary may be useful early indicators of onset of cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

AgingCognitive DysfunctionAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCognitionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedVocabularyYoung AdultAdulthoodAgingCognitive impairmentLatent class modelsLatent growth curvesLongitudinalVocabulary

Identifiers

PMID40879967
PMCPMC12397163

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.