Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40879355›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2025

High peak viraemia followed by spontaneous HIV-1 control in women living with HIV-1 subtype A1 in East Africa.

Yifan Li, Bethany L Dearlove, Eric Lewitus, Hongjun Bai, Shida Shangguan, Phuc Pham, Meera Bose, Eric Sanders-Buell, Shana Howell Miller, Yvonne Rosario and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Yifan LiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Bethany L DearloveU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Eric LewitusU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Hongjun BaiU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Shida ShangguanU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-5318
Phuc PhamU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Meera BoseU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Eric Sanders-BuellU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Shana Howell MillerU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Yvonne RosarioU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7883-9336
Philip K EhrenbergU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-4301
Sodsai TovanabutraU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Rasmi ThomasU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Julie A AkeU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Sandhya VasanU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Leigh Anne EllerU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Sorachai NitayaphanArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
Lucas MagangaNational Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania.
Hannah KibuukaMakerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
Fredrick K SaweKenya Medical Research Institute/U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya-Henry Jackson Foundation MRI, Kericho, Kenya.
Merlin L RobbU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Morgane RollandU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-8490

Funding

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.Cooperative agreement WW81XWH-18-2-0040Henry M. Jackson FoundationU.S. Department of Defense
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCases of spontaneous control of HIV-1 can help define strategies to induce remission. Since the identification of viral control in the absence of treatment typically occurs after a prolonged period post-HIV-1 diagnosis, our knowledge of the early events after HIV-1 acquisition that led to viral control is limited.

methodsThe RV217 prospective cohort enrolled 2276 participants in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania) and Thailand between 2009 and 2015. We analysed HIV-1 sequences and clinical data from 102 individuals who were diagnosed with acute HIV-1 infection and had a negative HIV-1 RNA test in the week before. We focused on 69 participants with longitudinal follow-up and identified viraemic controllers who maintained viral loads <2000 copies/ml for over a year without treatment. We evaluated viral genetic and clinical features that are associated with viral control.

resultsEleven women from East Africa showed control of viral replication for an average duration of 891 (range: 405-1425) days within an average of 130 days from diagnosis. The majority were living with subtype A1 (n = 6), or A1 recombinant strains (n = 4), with one living with subtype D; 10 were from Kenya, one from Uganda. Controllers had significantly slower CD4+ T cell decline (p = 0.028) and higher Natural Killer (NK) cell counts (p = 0.047) than non-controllers, but none carried human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles previously reported to be associated with viral control. Peak viraemia was recorded at an average of 541 million copies/ml with no difference between controllers and non-controllers (p = 0.97). Viral loads became lower in controllers (3459 copies/ml) than in non-controllers (23,157 copies/ml) as early as nadir viraemia (p = 0.009), with a more significant difference observed at set point (1069 vs. 24,084 copies/ml, respectively; p<0.0001).

conclusionsOur findings confirm the role of HIV-1 subtype A1 in mediating viral control. The fact that controllers showed high viral loads in acute infection indicates that these viruses were not intrinsically impaired for replication, underlining the intersection between host immunity and favourable genotypes in the subsequent control of HIV-1. These data suggest that conducting HIV-1 remission studies in East Africa could provide favourable conditions to achieve durable post-treatment control of viraemia.

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV InfectionsViral LoadViremiaAdultAfrica, EasternCD4 Lymphocyte CountFemaleGenotypeHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProspective StudiesYoung Adultacute infectionHIV‐1HIV‐1 subtype A1peak viraemiapersons living with HIV‐1viraemic controllers

Identifiers

PMID40879355
PMCPMC12335669

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.