Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40878870›Full record

ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2025

Circulating Interleukin-6 Levels and Timing of Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset.

Robert G Kowalski, Aurélie Ledreux, John E Violette, Whitney Paustian, Stefan Sillau, John A Thompson, Robert T Neumann, David Ornelas, Andrew A Monte, Layne Dylla and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Robert G KowalskiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6043-3671
Aurélie LedreuxDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
John E VioletteUCHealth, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Whitney PaustianUCHealth, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Stefan SillauDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
John A ThompsonDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2991-5194
Robert T NeumannDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
David OrnelasUCHealth, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Andrew A MonteDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Layne DyllaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Adit A GindeDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Andra M FarcasDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Christina M CoughlanDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
William J JonesDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
James C GrottaMemorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Michael W GranerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Funding

Personalizing EmerGency/Acute therapeuticS Utilizing Systems biology (PEGASUS-2)R35GM152157 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Andrew Albert Monte · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
American Heart Association 24TPA1293938NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM152157NINDS NIH HHS L30 NS124052NINDS NIH HHS LRPCIS10986824 (2L30NS124052-02)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intravenous thrombolysis is the most widely available effective ischemic stroke treatment, but is approved only if given within 4.5 h from stroke onset. Many patients are not treated because stroke onset time is unknown. We evaluated the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) in circulating blood after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Results show IL-6 is elevated as early as 26 min after stroke and increases over 24 h. The IL-6 levels can estimate when the stroke occurred with 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity. With refinement, a point-of-care blood test for IL-6 during stroke could substantially increase the number of stroke patients eligible for thrombolysis.

Indexed as

Brain IschemiaInterleukin-6Ischemic StrokeAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSensitivity and SpecificityTime FactorsBiomarkersIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-6acute ischemic strokeIL‐6interleukin 6point of carestroke onset time

Identifiers

PMID40878870
PMCPMC12455879

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.