ArticleACR open rheumatology2025
Association of Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules PD1 and 4-1BB With CTLA-4Ig Treatment Response in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether soluble immune checkpoint molecules in blood are associated with the treatment response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA).
methodsThis study included 328 Swedish treatment-naïve patients with eRA from the Nordic Rheumatic Diseases Strategy Trials and Registries (NORD-STAR) study. Patients were randomized into four treatment groups: methotrexate (MTX) combined with CTLA-4Ig (n = 90), anti-tumor necrosis factor (n = 83), anti-interleukin-6 receptor (n = 76), or prednisolone (n = 79). The primary outcome was remission, defined by Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≤2.8, assessed at 24 and 48 weeks. Plasma levels of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD1) and soluble 4-1BB (s4-1BB) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and at weeks 24 and 48 after treatment initiation.
resultsHigh baseline levels of sPD1 and s4-1BB were both associated with CDAI remission at 24 weeks (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.66 and odds ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.07-2.11, respectively) in patients treated with CTLA-4Ig with MTX, but not in any other treatment groups. Furthermore, baseline levels of sPD1 or s4-1BB together with proportions of PD1
conclusionHigh plasma levels of sPD1 and s4-1BB are associated with good response to CTLA-4Ig with MTX therapy in patients with eRA. A combination of sPD1 or 4-1BB levels and the proportions of PD1
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