Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40878534›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2025

Exploring the Structural Divergence of HIV and SRLV Lentiviral Capsids.

Fidel Arizaga, Christian Freniere, Juan S Rey, Matthew Cook, Chunxiang Wu, Juan R Perilla, Yong Xiong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Transient Occupancy and Pore Dynamics: IP6 Behavior in HIV-1The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Fidel ArizagaDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
Christian FreniereDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2846-669X
Juan S ReyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2274-3748
Matthew CookDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
Chunxiang WuDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8635-1578
Juan R PerillaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1171-6816
Yong XiongDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9625-9313

Funding

Project 3. IntegrationU54AI170791 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Christopher R Aiken · 2022 to 2026
$30.6M
PREDOCTORAL PROGRAM IN BIOPHYSICST32GM008283 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI XIONG, YONG · 1988 to 2022
$10.5M
A multiscale approach for elucidating nuclear entry mechanisms of HIV-1 capsidR01AI162260 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LIN, CHENXIANG, XIONG, YONG · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Multifaceted interactions between lentiviral Vif and host molecules for viral infectivity enhancementR37AI116313 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Yong Xiong · 2021 to 2026
$3.2M
Mechanisms and Consequences of Reverse Transcription in HIV-1 CoresR01AI157843 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI AIKEN, CHRISTOPHER R · 2021 to 2024
$2.8M
Predoctoral Program in BiophysicsT32GM149438 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Yong Xiong, Elsa Chui Ying Yan · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Determining the molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 maturationR01AI178846 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI Juan Roberto Perilla Jimenez · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI157843NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI162260NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI178846NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI116313NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI170791NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008283NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM149438
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lentiviruses require a mature capsid to package and traffic their viral genome for successful infection and propagation. Although the HIV-1 capsid structure has been extensively studied, structural information is lacking for other lentiviral capsids, limiting our understanding. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and a liposome-templating system, we assembled capsid-like particles (CLPs) and resolved capsid protein (CA) pentamer and hexamer lattice structures from the two major phylogenetic groups of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs). These structures exhibit an overall lattice organization like HIV-1 but differ in key characteristics, notably the absence of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) in the SRLV CA lattice─a critical factor for HIV-1 capsid assembly and function. Additionally, SRLV CA pentamers show a unique N-terminal domain orientation, providing insights into SRLV capsid assembly mechanisms. These observations, together with our molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, results suggest a possible mechanism for importing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) molecules into SRLV capsids. Furthermore, key regions of host factor interaction, such as the CypA binding motifs, have diverged in the SRLV CA assemblies. Our results contribute to understanding the SRLV lentiviral capsids which may facilitate structure-based inhibitor design strategies.

Indexed as

CapsidCapsid ProteinsHIV-1LentivirusAnimalsCryoelectron MicroscopyMolecular Dynamics SimulationCapsid Proteins

Identifiers

PMID40878534
PMCPMC12515838

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.