Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40877304›Full record

ArticleNPJ science of learning2025

Divergent effects of mindsets on performance trajectories.

Melody M Chao, Allen H Huang, Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Janghoon Shon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ science of learning, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melody M Chao *Department of Management, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China. mchao@ust.hk.
Allen H Huang *Department of Accounting, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
Anirban Mukhopadhyay *Faculty of Management, Bayes Business School, City St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Janghoon Shon *School of Banking and Finance, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent initiatives worldwide have promoted the "growth mindset" to improve educational outcomes. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains controversial. This research presents novel perspectives by investigating the natural effects of growth mindsets on students' academic performance trajectories from university entrance to completion. Longitudinal analyses involving 915 students, 6,918 student-term, and 33,607 student-course observations, reveal previously unexplored relationships. Transcending the dichotomized debate of whether growth mindsets are effective, our findings reveal that students with stronger growth mindsets initially outperform their fixed mindset counterparts; however, this advantage diminishes over time. Additionally, students with growth mindsets are more adept at navigating unfamiliar academic territories. Importantly, both growth and fixed mindsets are associated with higher academic achievement, but a lack of clear mindset is linked to poorer outcomes. Our study underscores the importance of considering these factors in educational institutions that aim to foster growth mindsets to enhance human capital development.

Identifiers

PMID40877304
PMCPMC12394573

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.