Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40877204›Full record

Trial reportCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2025

Etirinotecan Pegol (NKTR-102) in Patients With Active Brain Metastases From Lung or Breast Cancer.

Seema Nagpal, Kim-Son Nguyen, Sophie Bertrand, Kristen May Cunanan, Sukhmani K Padda, Judy Y Pagtama, Alison Holmes Tisch, Gwen Coffey, Reena P Thomas, George W Sledge and 8 more

Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase II
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Seema NagpalDepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kim-Son NguyenDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sophie BertrandDepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kristen May CunananQuantitative Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sukhmani K PaddaFox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Judy Y PagtamaStanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.
Alison Holmes TischStanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.
Gwen CoffeyStanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.
Reena P ThomasDepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
George W SledgeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Joshua GruberUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Melinda L TelliDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Mark PegramDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Lawrence D RechtDepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Heather A WakeleeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Scott G SoltysDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Suleiman A MassarwehDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Joel W NealDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3119-9334

Funding

Nektar Therapeutics
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBrain metastases are common in patients with lung and breast cancer and are associated with poor outcomes. While there is some intracranial activity with systemic therapies, most chemotherapies are minimally effective. Etirinotecan pegol (EP) is a PEGylated chemotherapy with favorable pharmacokinetics over irinotecan.

methodsWe conducted a phase 2 trial of EP in patients with previously treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 12), small cell lung cancer (SCLC, N = 3) and breast cancer (MBC, n = 12), having progressive brain metastases after brain-directed radiotherapy (or refusal). The primary endpoint was a 25% or greater disease control rate, defined as CR, PR+SD, in the central nervous system (CNS) at 12 weeks; secondary endpoints included toxicity and systemic disease control.

resultsThe CNS control rate at 12 weeks in NSCLC and MBC was 17% (two patients in each cohort) and 0% in SCLC. The median overall progression-free survival for NSCLC was 2.7 months (95% CI: 1.3, 6.7) and MBC was 1.4 months (95% CI: 1.3, 6.9). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (48%), nausea (48%) and fatigue (26%). Six patient deaths occurred in this study. Dehydration/diarrhea (1) and neutropenic sepsis (3) from study treatment were at least possibly related to these deaths.

conclusionThis study demonstrates that EP did not meet the threshold of clinical efficacy in patients with refractory CNS metastases from lung or breast cancer.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungHeterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More RingsLung NeoplasmsPolyethylene GlycolsSmall Cell Lung CarcinomaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProgression-Free Survivaletirinotecan pegolHeterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More RingsPolyethylene Glycolsbrain metastasesbreast canceretirinotecan pegolNKTR‐102non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Identifiers

PMID40877204
PMCPMC12394003

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.