Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40876444›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2025

Weight loss practices in Chinese national and international-level Sanda athletes.

Yuming Zhong, Weiwei Tang, Thomas I Gee, Mengfan Li, Haidong Jiang, Mingyue Yin, Kai Xu, Nemanja Lakicevic, Patrik Drid, Christopher Kirk and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yuming ZhongShanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0009-0005-9672-8067
Weiwei TangShanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China.
Thomas I GeeUniversity of Lincoln, School of Psychology, Sport Science, and Wellbeing, Lincoln, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7253-2055
Mengfan LiHenan University, Wushu College, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
Haidong JiangShanghai University of Sport, School of Martial Arts, Shanghai, China.
Mingyue YinShanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6105-8797
Kai XuShanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China.
Nemanja LakicevicLomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Psychology, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9628-0606
Patrik DridUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-2075-6038
Christopher KirkLiverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK.
Carl Langan-EvansLiverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK.
Guilherme Giannini ArtioliUniversidade de São Paulo, Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Reid RealeUFC Performance Institute, Shanghai, China.
Anthony WeldonBirmingham City University, Centre for Life and Sport Sciences, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5762-332X
Yongming LiShanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9654-0199

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSanda is an unarmed combat sport (CS) comprises punching, kicking, throwing, wrestling, and defensive techniques that has increased in popularity. To ensure athletes compete against opponents of similar body size and weight for fairness, Sanda competition is classified according to weight classes. Previous studies revealed that CS athletes tend to intentionally lose weight to gain a competitive advantage over their opponents. However, little is known about weight loss (WL) practices in Sanda athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the WL practices of Chinese Sanda athletes.

methodsIn total, 169 (96 males, 73 females) national and international-level Sanda athletes completed the Rapid WL Questionnaire. Participants were categorized by sex (male, female), age (junior, senior), competition weight categories, and competitive levels (national, international).

resultsOver half (56%) of athletes purposefully implemented WL practices pre-competition. Their mean habitual WL was 7.6 ± 3.7%, and mean highest WL was 10.8 ± 4.2%. Participants usually allocated 15+ days pre-competition for WL (64%). Their rapid WL score (RWLS) was 30.4 ± 6.4. There were no significant differences across Sanda athletes concerning habitual WL% (

conclusionsThis study found the prevalence of WL is relatively low among Chinese national and international Sanda athletes, but the magnitudes are very high compared to other combat sports. Given that coaches have the greatest influence, the wider athlete support team must work cohesively with coaches to ensure that appropriate, individualized, and safe WL practices are applied.

Indexed as

AthletesWater SportsWeight LossAdolescentAdultChinaCompetitive BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultcombat sportsports nutritionweight classWeight cuttingweight cycling

Identifiers

PMID40876444
PMCPMC12395625

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.