ArticleClinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2025
Midodrine exposure trends and outcomes reported to United States poison centers: 2000-2023.
Article in Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionMidodrine is an oral alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used to treat orthostatic hypotension. Its vasoconstrictive properties can lead to hypertension and reflex bradycardia. We characterized midodrine exposures reported to United States poison centers from 2000 to 2023.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of single-substance midodrine exposures reported to the National Poison Data System
resultsThe number of patients dispensed midodrine from retail pharmacies increased 695%, from 55,300 in 2002 to 439,659 in 2023. There were 1,935 midodrine exposures reported to the National Poison Data System DISCUSSION: Midodrine exposures increased over time, particularly among individuals aged 20-59 years and 60 years and older, with a concomitant increase in retail midodrine dispensing. Although most exposures were managed at home, severe adverse effects have been reported, especially among patients with suspected suicidal ingestions compared to those with therapeutic errors. The National Poison Data System
conclusionsBetter understanding of midodrine exposures and associated outcomes can inform poison center triage and medical management. Improved surveillance and clinician awareness may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with midodrine toxicity.
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