Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40874424›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2026

Prevalence and Risk of Dementia Among Adults Who Have Experienced Homelessness, a Meta-Analysis.

Peter M Hoang, Yu Qing Huang, Mohammad Jay, Vivian Berg, Courtney van Ballegooie, Christina Reppas-Rindlisbacher, Natasha E Lane, Jillian Alston, Paula Rochon

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Peter M HoangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Yu Qing HuangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1006-5118
Mohammad JayInstitute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Vivian BergFaculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Courtney van BallegooieFaculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Christina Reppas-RindlisbacherDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Natasha E LaneDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jillian AlstonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Paula RochonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5973-4151

Funding

Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchClinician Scientist Training Program, University of Toronto
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding the prevalence and risk of dementia in homeless adults has important implications for ensuring appropriate resources are directed towards dementia prevention and healthy aging. We aimed to estimate the: (1) prevalence and (2) risk of dementia among homeless adults, and (3) risk of homelessness in adults experiencing dementia.

methodsA systematic search was completed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Social Works Abstracts, and the gray literature from inception to September 26, 2024. Studies investigating the prevalence of dementia among individuals experiencing homelessness aged 18 years or older were included. Title, abstract, and full text screening, extraction, and risk of bias assessments were completed in duplicate. Random effects meta-analysis using generalized linear mixed models was used to estimate the prevalence of dementia. For the risk and incidence of dementia, we meta-analyzed the risk and hazards of dementia comparing homeless to housed individuals.

resultsA total of 1585 citations were retrieved, with 102 studies undergoing full-text review. Thirty-six studies were included in the final review (504,766 individuals experiencing homelessness, with the following weighted by sample size: mean age 63.08, female percentage 10.64). The prevalence of dementia was 6.81% (95% CI: 4.49, 10.19%, I

conclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that homeless individuals have a dementia prevalence higher than population-based studies of housed adults of a similar age, where the estimated prevalence is under 3%. Research on models of care aimed at reducing homelessness in those experiencing dementia is needed.

trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD42024595047.

Indexed as

DementiaIll-Housed PersonsAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk Factorsdementiahomelessnessmeta‐analysisolder adults

Identifiers

PMID40874424
PMCPMC12774304

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.