Investigation of irrigation fluid temperature variations caused by thulium fiber laser with various settings and comparison with Ho:YAG laser: An

Introduction: Our experimental Material and methods: All measurements were performed with a fluid volume fixed at 10 ml and an outflow rate at 10 ml/min. The laser was fired continuously for 30 seconds with total power settings of 10 W, 20 W, 40 W, and 60 W with different power settings (energy × frequency) and various pulse combinations using TFL and Ho: YAG laser (Quanta System, Samarate, Italy). Results: Higher temperatures were recorded when the power was increased from 10 W, 20 W, 40 W, to 60 W. The temperature exceeded the threshold of 43°C when power settings of ≥40 W were applied regardless of frequency (15-120 Hz) and energy (0.5-4 J). Similar temperature increase patterns were reported with different peak power settings. No major differences were found when the same power settings were applied using TFL and Ho: YAG lasers. Conclusions: Based on our results temperatures >43°C were recorded for power settings ≥40 W after continuous laser firing of 30 seconds using TFL. Modifying the frequency and energy settings, as well as firing with Ho:YAG laser under the same power setting did not affect the patterns of temperature increase. Generally, the TFL shows more regular thermal behavior in comparison with the Ho:YAG laser.