Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40873758›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in physiology2025

Commercial vision sensors and AI-based pose estimation frameworks for markerless motion analysis in sports and exercises: a mini review.

Saeid Edriss, Cristian Romagnoli, Lucio Caprioli, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Elvira Padua, Giuseppe Annino

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Saeid EdrissDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Sports Engineering Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Cristian RomagnoliDepartment of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, Human Performance, Sport Training, Health Education Laboratory, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.
Lucio CaprioliDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Sports Engineering Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo BonaiutoDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Sports Engineering Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Elvira PaduaDepartment of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, Human Performance, Sport Training, Health Education Laboratory, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe AnninoDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Sports Engineering Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Kinematic and biomechanical analysis in monitoring human movement to assess athletes' or patients' motor control behaviors. Traditional motion capture systems provide high accuracy but are expensive and complex for the public. Recent advancements in markerless systems using videos captured with commercial RGB, depth, and infrared cameras, such as Microsoft Kinect, StereoLabs ZED Camera, and Intel RealSense, enable the acquisition of high-quality videos for 2D and 3D kinematic analyses. On the other hand, open-source frameworks like OpenPose, MediaPipe, AlphaPose, and DensePose are the new generation of 2D or 3D mesh-based markerless motion tools that utilize standard cameras in motion analysis through real-time and offline pose estimation models in sports, clinical, and gaming applications. The review examined studies that focused on the validity and reliability of these technologies compared to gold-standard systems, specifically in sports and exercise applications. Additionally, it discusses the optimal setup and perspectives for achieving accurate results in these studies. The findings suggest that 2D systems offer economic and straightforward solutions, but they still face limitations in capturing out-of-plane movements and environmental factors. Merging vision sensors with built-in artificial intelligence and machine learning software to create 2D-to-3D pose estimation is highlighted as a promising method to address these challenges, supporting the broader adoption of markerless motion analysis in future kinematic and biomechanical research.

Indexed as

artificial intelligence in sportshuman movement analysiskinematic analysismarkerless motion capturepose estimationsports biomechanicssports technologyvision sensors

Identifiers

PMID40873758
PMCPMC12378739

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.