ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Comparative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin and protein A immunoadsorption in severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Early prediction of severe autoimmune encephalitis: development and validation of a model incorporating readily available lactate dehydrogenase.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To compare the differential effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and protein A immunoadsorption (PAIA) on neurological functional improvement in patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis (modified Rankin scale, mRS ≥ 3) at the Second People's Hospital of Hunan from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2024. Clinical efficacy was compared between the IVIg and PAIA groups. Clinical improvement (ΔmRS ≥ 1) and favorable functional outcomes (mRS 0-2) at 30 days and 90 days were evaluated as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included changes in mRS and the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (ΔCASE) at 30 and 90 days, length of ICU stay, and antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Results: This study enrolled 53 patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis, of whom 30 patients received IVIg and 23 patients received PAIA. The PAIA group showed a significantly higher rate of clinical improvement at 30 days after treatment compared to the IVIg group (82.61% Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that both IVIg and PAIA are effective treatments for patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis. However, PAIA demonstrates several distinct advantages, including earlier clinical improvement, faster antibody clearance, and a potential reduction in ICU stay.
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