Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872971›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

A QS21+ CpG-Adjuvanted Rabies Virus G Subunit Vaccine Elicits Superior Humoral and Moderate Cellular Immunity.

Han Cao, Hui Li, Wenzhi Liu, Ning Luan, Jingping Hu, Meijun Kong, Jie Song, Cunbao Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Han CaoYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
Hui LiYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
Wenzhi LiuYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
Ning LuanYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8559-7464
Jingping HuYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
Meijun KongYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
Jie SongYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.ORCID 0009-0008-4331-2086
Cunbao LiuYunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2101-2612

Funding

CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2021-I2M-1-043Funds for the Training of High-level Health Technical Personnel in Yunnan Province D-2024054National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFC2305700Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects, grant number 202501AS070010, 202501AS070011 and 202501AT070179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRabies remains a fatal zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), posing substantial global health challenges. Current vaccine production faces challenges in manufacturing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The RABV glycoprotein (RABV-G) serves as the key antigen for eliciting protective immunity.

methodsWe developed a novel QS21+CpG-adjuvanted RABV-G subunit vaccine and systematically compared its performance against three control formulations: mRNA vaccine composed of H270P-targeted mutation packaged in lipid nanoparticles (LNP), named LNP-mRNA-G-H270P, commercial inactivated vaccine, and alum-adjuvanted RABV-G subunit vaccine.

resultsThe result show that the G+QS21+CpG subunit vaccine elicited superior humoral immunity, as evidenced by significantly higher RABV-G-specific IgG titers and virus-neutralizing antibody responses compared to all other groups. The LNP-mRNA-G-H270P vaccine maintained its expected cellular immunity advantage, with the G+QS21+CpG group exhibiting moderately reduced but still significant levels of IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes and levels of IL-2 in the supernatant of spleen cells, as well as IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells. Both LNP-mRNA-G-H270P and G+QS21+CpG vaccine groups provided 100% protection against lethal challenge (50LD

conclusionsThese findings provide novel vaccine/adjuvant strategies for rabies while elucidating platform-specific immunogenicity patterns, offering critical insights for pathogens requiring balanced humoral/cellular immunity.

Indexed as

CpGQS21rabies virus Glycoprotein (RABV-G)subunit vaccine

Identifiers

PMID40872971
PMCPMC12390428

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.