Simulation-Based Design of an Electrically Tunable Beam-Steering Metasurface Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Penghui Luo, Longlong Zhang, Shuaixing Wang, Zhiyuan Zhu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Penghui LuoJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite Materials (Nanchang Hangkong University), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.ORCID 0009-0007-5979-799X

Longlong ZhangCollege of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Shuaixing WangJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite Materials (Nanchang Hangkong University), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.

Zhiyuan ZhuCollege of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents a simulation-based feasibility analysis of a beam steering metasurface, theoretically driven by mechanical energy harvested from human motion via a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the proposed model, the TENG converts biomechanical motion into alternating current (AC), which is rectified into direct current (DC) to bias varactor diodes integrated into each metasurface unit cell. These bias voltages are numerically applied to dynamically modulate the local reflection phase, enabling beam steering without external power. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were conducted to confirm the feasibility of beam manipulation under TENG-generated voltage levels. The proposed simulation-driven design offers a promising framework for battery-free, adaptive electromagnetic control with potential applications in wearable electronics, intelligent sensing, and energy-autonomous radar systems.

Indexed as

beam steeringelectromagnetic wave controlreconfigurable metasurfacetriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)

Identifiers

PMID40872455

DOI10.3390/mi16080948

PMCPMC12388691

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.