Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872268›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Association Between ABO Blood Groups and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, Spike Protein Mutations, and Thrombotic Events in COVID-19 Patients.

Esra'a Abudouleh, Tarek Owaidah, Fatimah Alhamlan, Arwa A Al-Qahtani, Dalia Al Sarar, Abdulrahman Alkathiri, Shouq Alghannam, Arwa Bagasi, Manal M Alkhulaifi, Ahmed A Al-Qahtani

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Esra'a AbudoulehDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8922-0143
Tarek OwaidahDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Fatimah AlhamlanDepartment of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1765-4310
Arwa A Al-QahtaniDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia.
Dalia Al SararDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman AlkathiriDepartment of Biology Science, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7081-7209
Shouq AlghannamApplied Genomics Technologies Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia.
Arwa BagasiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Manal M AlkhulaifiDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5040-6303
Ahmed A Al-QahtaniDepartment of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4584-5739

Funding

King Salman Center for Disability Research KSRG-2023-305
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCOVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy and increased mortality. The ABO blood group system has been implicated in modulating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, but its relationship with viral RNAemia, spike gene mutations, and thrombosis remains underexplored.

methodsWe analyzed 446 hospitalized COVID-19 patients between 2021 and 2022. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia was assessed via RT-qPCR on whole blood, and spike gene mutations were identified through whole-genome sequencing in RNAemia-positive samples. ABO blood groups were determined by agglutination testing, and thrombotic events were evaluated using coagulation markers. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance set at

resultsRNAemia was detected in 26.9% of patients, with no significant association with ABO blood group (

conclusionsABO blood group phenotypes, particularly group A, may influence thrombotic risk in the context of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. While no direct association was found between blood group and RNAemia or spike mutations, the observed trends suggest potential host-pathogen interactions. Integrating ABO typing and RNAemia screening may enhance risk stratification and guide targeted thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.

Indexed as

ABO Blood-Group SystemCOVID-19RNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusThrombosisAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationABO Blood-Group SystemRNA, ViralSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2ABO blood groupSARS-CoV-2 RNAemiaSARS-CoV-2 variantsspike gene mutationsthrombosis

Identifiers

PMID40872268
PMCPMC12389021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.