Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872182›Full record

ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Protective Role of GABA in Aromatic Rice Under Lead and Cadmium Toxicity: Physiological and Biochemical Insights.

Umair Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Fahd Rasul, Muhammad Ansar Farooq, Muhammad Abrar, Farhat Abbas, Chuan Jin, Waseem Hassan, Xiangru Tang, Zaid Khan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Umair AshrafDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0041-7706
Shakeel Ahmad AnjumDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fahd RasulDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-7813-2981
Muhammad Ansar FarooqInstitute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-2537-0182
Muhammad AbrarState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6756-1342
Farhat AbbasInstitute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3704-5213
Chuan JinSchool of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6119-4617
Waseem HassanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Xiangru TangDepartment of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7943-4474
Zaid KhanCollege of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Funding

Shenzhen Polytechnic Research Fund 6023310016K
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) severely impair rice growth, yield, and grain quality. This study assessed the role of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mitigating Pb and Cd toxicity in aromatic rice 'Guixiangzhan'. Treatments included the control (no Pb, Cd, or GABA), GABA (1 mM), Pb (800 mg/kg of soil)+GABA, Cd (75 mg/kg of soil)+GABA, Pb+Cd+GABA, Pb, Cd, and Pb+Cd without GABA. GABA improved chlorophyll and carotenoid, protein, proline and GABA contents whilst reducing oxidative stress under Pb/Cd toxicity. GABA application regulated antioxidant enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and gas exchange, while its effects on nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase were variable. Compared with Pb+Cd, the grain yields were 34.03%, 31.94%, 15.88%, 24.86%, and 17.32% higher in (Pb, Cd, Pb+Cd)+GABA, Pb, and Cd treatments, respectively. Furthermore, GABA reduced Pb and Cd accumulation in aboveground parts, while Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn levels varied across treatments. Cd translocation was more from root-to-leaves, while Pb translocation was more from leaves-to-grains. Grain Pb and Cd positively correlated with their root, stem, and leaf contents but negatively with mineral nutrients. Overall, exogenous GABA mitigated Pb and Cd toxicity in aromatic rice.

Indexed as

antioxidantschlorophyllheavy metalsmicronutrientsphotosynthesisyield

Identifiers

PMID40872182
PMCPMC12389480

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.