ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Fermentation with Pectin Trans-Eliminase to Reduce Cadmium Levels in Nacional and CCN-51 Cocoa Bean Genotypes.
Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cocoa represents a crucial source of income in coastal regions of Ecuador, where the product is exported for the production of high-value chocolates. However, elevated levels of cadmium (Cd) in cocoa beans, attributable to volcanic soils, have the potential to impede international trade, particularly in accordance with European Union regulations. The main objective of this study was to reduce Cd concentrations in cocoa beans of two genotypes, Nacional and CCN-51, by applying different doses of pectin trans-eliminase (PTE) enzyme during the fermentation process in conjunction with mucilage washing techniques, pre-drying resting periods, and various drying methods. To this end, a Taguchi orthogonal design (L9) was employed to evaluate nine treatments per genotype, complemented with two controls. The most efficacious treatment for Nacional was identified as T7, involving a 0.30 mL·kg
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