Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40872035›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A PDMS Coating-Based Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic Respiratory Monitoring Sensor.

Qingfeng Shi, Yunkun Cui, Yu Zhang, Jie Zhang, Feng Peng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Qingfeng ShiSports Department, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China.
Yunkun CuiSports Department, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China.
Yu ZhangSchool of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
Jie ZhangSchool of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
Feng PengSchool of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2715-5948

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61775044Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program 2019KJJ011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A respiratory monitoring sensor based on a balloon-shaped optical fiber is proposed. The sensor consists of a single-mode fiber (SMF) coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bent into a balloon shape to form a fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sensor's sensitivity to temperature enables monitoring of breathing status by recognizing the temperature changes that occur during human respiration. By adjusting the bending radius of the balloon-shaped SMF, high-order modes can be effectively excited to interfere with the core mode. Due to the high thermo-optic coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS itself, the balloon-shaped fiber optic sensor can achieve temperature sensitivity. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity is -166.29 pm/°C in a temperature range of 30 °C to 60 °C. Finally, the proposed sensor was mounted into a respiratory mask to monitor different breathing states (normal, fast, slow, and oral-nasal breathing transitions) and breathing frequencies.

Indexed as

balloon shapeMach–Zehnder interferometerPDMSrespiratory monitoring sensortemperature

Identifiers

PMID40872035
PMCPMC12389851

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.