Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40871838›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Cost-Effective 3D-Printed Conductive Phantom for EEG Sensing System Validation: Development, Performance Evaluation, and Comparison with State-of-the-Art Technologies.

Peter Akor, Godwin Enemali, Usman Muhammad, Jane Crowley, Marc Desmulliez, Hadi Larijani

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Peter AkorSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.ORCID 0009-0008-8657-2435
Godwin EnemaliSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2686-7035
Usman MuhammadSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
Jane CrowleyMedical Device Manufacturing Center (MDMC), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9371-6651
Marc DesmulliezMedical Device Manufacturing Center (MDMC), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2441-1598
Hadi LarijaniSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6826-207X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents the development and validation of a cost-effective 3D-printed conductive phantom for EEG sensing system validation that achieves 85% cost reduction (

Indexed as

ElectroencephalographyPhantoms, ImagingPrinting, Three-DimensionalCost-Benefit AnalysisElectric ConductivityElectrodesHumans3D printingadditive manufacturingconductive materialselectrode testingelectroencephalographyneuromonitoring sensorsneurophysiological signal acquisitionphantom headsensing system validationstandardized testing

Identifiers

PMID40871838
PMCPMC12390400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.