ReviewPharmaceutics2025
Integrating Graphene Oxide and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D-Printed Systems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine due to their multipotent differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory properties. The interaction of these cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and biomaterials, notably graphene oxide (GO), has proven decisive in modulating cell behavior, with the potential to optimize tissue regeneration processes. This review was conducted using the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, covering studies published between 2018 and 2025, from which seven studies met the inclusion criteria, with an emphasis on in vitro and in vivo investigations regarding the association between GO and MSCs. The main findings demonstrate that GO, particularly when conjugated with polymers such as poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), enhances cell adhesion, stimulates proliferation, and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, in addition to positively modulating intracellular signaling pathways. However, significant gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms and safety of GO's therapeutic use in association with MSCs. Therefore, this review reinforces the need for further studies to deepen the characterization of the bioactive properties of GO-MSCs, aiming to enable safer and more effective clinical applications.
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