Grape Pomace Polyphenol Extract Alleviates Obesity in Mice and Improves Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids.

With the development of people's diets and working patterns, obesity is an increasingly serious health threat faced globally. Grape pomace is an important by-product generated during the wine production process which is rich in polyphenols. Polyphenols show promising potential in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory applications. Nevertheless, the effects of grape pomace polyphenols on obesity alleviation and their underlying mechanisms require further investigation. The results of this study indicate that grape pomace polyphenols exhibit a preventive effect against obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD), ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and improved gut short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. The present study employed comprehensive bioinformatics approaches to characterize gut microbial profiles in each experimental group, including: alpha and beta diversity analyses, phylum- and genus-level relative abundance analyses, Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), and Pearson correlation analysis between gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids. Both grape seeds extract (GSE) and grape peel extract (GPE) reduced the elevated F/B ratio caused by HFD, raised the abundance of probiotics such as