Descriptors for Predicting Single- and Multi-Phase Formation in High-Entropy Oxides: A Unified Framework Approach.

High-entropy oxides, HEOs, represent a relatively new class of ceramic materials characterized by the incorporation of multiple cations, typically four or more, into a single-phase crystal structure. This extensive compositional flexibility allows for the introduction of specific chemical elements into a crystal lattice that would normally be unable to accommodate them, making it difficult to predict a priori their properties and crystal structures. Consequently, studying the phase stability of these single-phase materials presents significant challenges. This work examines the key parameters commonly employed to predict the stabilization of HEOs and introduces a unified framework for analyzing their stability. The proposed approach incorporates a normalized configurational entropy per mole of atoms and the relative volume occupied by cations into the mean atomic size deviation. By combining these parameters, the approach enables, as a first approximation, the identification of compositional ranges that favor the formation of single-phase and multi-phase HEO compounds with rock salt, spinel, fluorite, pyrochlore, and perovskite structures.