ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Lignin/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds Based on Wet Mixing: Impact of Epoxidation Degree on the Interface of Compounds.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Recycled Polyurethane Glycolysate and Glycerolysate as Sustainable Plasticizers for Lignin-Filled NBR Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) possesses excellent comprehensive properties and plays an irreplaceable role in both national defense and people's livelihood. In recent years, lignin, as a new development trend, has emerged as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber, partially replacing traditional carbon black, or serving as an antioxidant in rubber. However, lignin, a polar biomass filler, exhibits poor compatibility with non-polar natural rubber. To address the compatibility issue between the two, this paper adopts an in situ method, utilizing formic acid and hydrogen peroxide to modify natural rubber into two types of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with different degrees of epoxidation (E-25% and E-45%). Subsequently, through wet mixing, it is combined with a lignin aqueous solution (20 parts), and ethanol is used as a flocculant to prepare lignin/ENR composite rubber materials. Comprehensive characterization of the composite rubber materials reveals that after epoxidation modification, the interfacial compatibility between lignin and natural rubber has been significantly improved. Wet mixing also effectively enhances the dispersibility of lignin in the rubber matrix. Compared to natural rubber, the composite material with an epoxidation degree of 25% exhibits significantly superior mechanical properties and thermal stability. The tensile properties of the composite rubber increase from 29.4 MPa to 36.2 MPa, indicating the significant reinforcing effect of lignin. This study aims to investigate the effects of the epoxidation degree (25% and 45%) of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and the mixing method on the compatibility and reinforcement performance of composite rubber, providing a new method for preparing high-performance lignin/ENR composites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.