ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025
Association of Financial Distress and Monthly Income with Smoking During the COVID-19 Pandemic Recession in Thailand: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Psychological distress causes increased smoking frequency. Thus, financial distress (FD), a type of psychological distress, during the COVID-19 pandemic recession is possibly associated with increased smoking frequency. We studied the association between disrupted employment or earnings-associated FD and the number of cigarettes smoked daily, as well as the effects of pre-pandemic regular monthly incomes on the association. (2) Methods: We retrieved the collected data from a former nationwide and community-based study regarding the psycho-socio-economic characteristics of Thai people during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand in 2021. The participants for this study were current smokers aged ≥ 18 years. General demographics, perceived FD, and pre-pandemic regular monthly incomes were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression with sampling weight adjustments were the analyses used (
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