Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment of

Shimaa Ibrahim, Rageh K Hussein, Hesham Abdulla, Ghada Omar, Sharif Abu Alrub, Paola Grenni, Dina M Atwa

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers Used in Consolidation of Deteriorated Limestone Monuments.Polymers · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shimaa IbrahimDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-1740-7072

Rageh K HusseinPhysics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4497-9778

Hesham AbdullaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia P.O. Box 41522, Egypt.

Ghada OmarDepartment of Laser Interaction with Matters, Laser Institute for Research and Applications, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62517, Egypt.

Sharif Abu AlrubPhysics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.

Paola GrenniNational Research Council, Water Research Institute, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00010 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7136-603X

Dina M AtwaDepartment of Laser Interaction with Matters, Laser Institute for Research and Applications, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62517, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-4814-9931

Funding

This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), (Grant Number IMSIU-DDRSP2502)

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stone cleaning for cultural heritage monuments is a critical conservation intervention that must effectively eliminate harmful surface contaminants while preserving the material's physical, chemical, and historical integrity. This study investigated the removal of tenacious black biofilms formed by

Indexed as

BiofilmsCalcium CarbonateLasers, Solid-StateNocardiaMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningX-Ray DiffractionCalcium Carbonateactinomycetesbiodeteriorationcultural heritage conservationlaser cleaninglimestoneNd:YAG laser

Identifiers

PMID40869385

DOI10.3390/ijms26168064

PMCPMC12386916

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.