ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Relationship Between Urinary Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium and Kidney Damage Biomarkers in Young People.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-matrix copper exposure is associated with reduced olfactory bulb volume and odor sensitivity in adolescents.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Environmental exposures and pediatric kidney health.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Copper-Induced Nephropathy: Clinical Characterization of 36 Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue linked to toxic elements like cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), which harm the kidneys even at low exposure levels. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) imbalances could exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney damage because the Cu/Zn ratio could be a critical marker of renal dysfunction. The study evaluated 914 adolescents aged 11-18 through urine samples to assess the presence of kidney damage biomarkers (OPN, KIM-1, CLU, NGAL, and Cys-C) by using Luminex Magpix and trace metals (Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn) by using ICP-mass. Overweight (18.71%) and obesity (12.58%) rates were noted. Cd and Cu showed positive correlations with kidney damage biomarkers, while Zn exhibited protective effects. Regression models indicated that Cd exposure increased kidney damage markers, emphasizing the importance of Cu/Zn ratio. Environmental exposure to Cd affects kidney health even at low levels, as the Cu/Zn ratio correlates with kidney damage markers in low-Cd exposure, suggesting that the Cu/Zn ratio could participate in the nephrotoxicity process, highlighting trace element imbalance as a potential predictor of kidney function decline.
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Registered trials
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