ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Refining Prognostic Factors in Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Insights.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence in Veterinary Neurology: Comparative Insights From Human Medicine and Cross-Species Technology Transfer.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Review
- Prognostic factors in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a narrative review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Ozanimod Reduces Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Low-to-Moderate Activity Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- VEP Abnormalities in Treatment-Naïve CIS/Early RRMS Without Prior Optic Neuritis: Clinical, Radiological, and CSF Associations.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Slowly Expanding Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Assessment of the RoAD Score as a Predictor of Long-Term Irreversible Ambulatory Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence from a Real-World Cohort.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Large language models as clinical decision-support tools in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A comparative study of ChatGPT-4o and neurologists.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a continuum of diverse neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes that contribute to disease progression from the earliest stages. This leads to a highly heterogeneous clinical course, requiring early and accurate prognostic assessment: the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers is crucial to support therapeutic decision-making and guide personalized disease management. In this narrative review, we critically examined the current MS literature, investigating prognostic factors associated with disease progression and irreversible disability in adult-onset MS, with a focus on different clinical, radiological, and molecular biomarkers. Particular attention is directed toward the prognostic value of baseline clinical and neuroimaging factors, emerging biomarkers of smoldering disease, and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) events. Additionally, we discussed the role of integrated prognostic tools and risk scores, as well as their potential impact on clinical practice. We aim to provide a comprehensive and clinically oriented synthesis of available evidence in the MS biomarkers field, supporting multifaceted prognostication strategies to improve long-term outcomes in people with MS.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.