ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Comorbidities Across Functional Neurological Disorder Subtypes: A Comprehensive Narrative Synthesis.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Personality Disorders in Functional and Idiopathic Dystonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Overshadowing in Functional Neurological Disorder Leading to a Diagnosis of Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Hereditary ATTR-CA presenting with recurrent severe abdominal cramps: a diagnostic challenge.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFunctional Neurological Disorder (FND) encompasses a spectrum of symptoms-including motor, cognitive, and seizure-like manifestations-that are not fully explained by structural neurological disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that comorbid psychiatric and somatic conditions significantly influence the clinical course, diagnostic complexity, and treatment response in FND.
objectiveThis study systematically explores psychiatric and medical comorbidities across major FND subtypes-Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD), Functional Movement Disorder (FMD), and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES)-with an emphasis on subtype-specific patterns and shared vulnerabilities.
methodsWe conducted a narrative review of the published literature, guided by systematic principles for transparency, covering both foundational and contemporary sources to examine comorbid conditions in patients with FCD, FMD, PNES, PPPD and general (mixed) FND populations. Relevant studies were identified through structured research and included based on methodological rigor and detailed reporting of comorbidities (PRISMA). Extracted data were organized by subtype and comorbidity type (psychiatric or medical/somatic).
resultsAcross all FND subtypes, high rates of psychiatric comorbidities were observed, particularly depression, anxiety, PTSD, and dissociative symptoms. FCD was predominantly associated with internalizing symptoms, affective misattribution, and heightened cognitive self-monitoring. FMD demonstrated strong links with trauma, emotional dysregulation, and personality vulnerabilities. PNES was characterized by the highest burden of psychiatric illness, with complex trauma histories and dissociation frequently reported. Somatic comorbidities-such as fibromyalgia, chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and fatigue-were also prevalent across all subtypes, reflecting overlapping mechanisms involving interoception, central sensitization, and functional symptom migration.
conclusionsComorbid psychiatric and medical conditions are integral to understanding the presentation and management of FND. Subtype-specific patterns underscore the need for individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while the shared biopsychosocial mechanisms suggest benefits of integrated care models across the FND spectrum.
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