Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40868846›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Nighttime Primary Headaches in Children: Beyond Hypnic Headache, a Comprehensive Review.

Beatrice Baldo, Ilaria Bonemazzi, Antonella Morea, Roberta Rossi, Alessandro Ferretti, Vittorio Sciruicchio, Alessia Raffagnato, Vincenzo Raieli, Antonia Versace, Irene Toldo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Beatrice BaldoJuvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Ilaria BonemazziJuvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Antonella MoreaChildren Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, 70132 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-8971-8306
Roberta RossiPediatric Headache Center, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Alessandro FerrettiPediatrics Unit, Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3854-9299
Vittorio SciruicchioChildren Epilepsy and EEG Center, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, 70132 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2388-573X
Alessia RaffagnatoChild and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Vincenzo RaieliChild Neuropsychiatry Department, Istituto Mediterraneo di Eccellenza Pediatrica-Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione "Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli" (ISMEP-ARNAS Civico Palermo), 90100 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6149-0881
Antonia VersacePediatric Headache Center, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Irene ToldoJuvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0006-3381

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many headaches at night arise due to primary headache disorders, which occur independently of other symptoms and are not caused by another medical condition. Primary headache disorders with nighttime attacks can include tension-type headaches, migraines, hypnic headaches, and cluster headaches. A hypnic headache is sometimes called an "alarm clock headache" because symptoms tend to arise at the same time of night. Apart from considering primary headaches, secondary causes of nighttime headaches should be considered and ruled out, in particular headaches secondary to intracranial hypertension, temporomandibular joint issues (like bruxism) and sleep apnea. Treatments vary based on headache type but often include a combination of medications and prevention strategies. This review article covers the basics of nighttime primary headaches in children, including pathophysiology, etiology, clinical features of the different forms and their treatment. It will also discuss the differences in headache features between children and adults.

Indexed as

adolescentschildrencluster headachehypnic headachemigrainenocturnal awakeningssleep

Identifiers

PMID40868846
PMCPMC12387790

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.